PMID
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Article Title
Organization
A Macrocyclic Agouti-Related Protein/[Nle

University of Minnesota
An in Vitro and in Vivo Investigation of Bivalent Ligands That Display Preferential Binding and Functional Activity for Different Melanocortin Receptor Homodimers.

University of Minnesota
A fragment of the Escherichia coli ClpB heat-shock protein is a micromolar melanocortin 1 receptor agonist.

University of Minnesota
Systematic Backbone Conformational Constraints on a Cyclic Melanotropin Ligand Leads to Highly Selective Ligands for Multiple Melanocortin Receptors.

University of Arizona
Synthesis and Pharmacology ofa/ß(3)-Peptides Based on the Melanocortin Agonist Ac-His-dPhe-Arg-Trp-NH2 Sequence.

University of Minnesota
Discovery of aß-Hairpin Octapeptide, c[Pro-Arg-Phe-Phe-Dap-Ala-Phe-DPro], Mimetic of Agouti-Related Protein(87-132) [AGRP(87-132)] with Equipotent Mouse Melanocortin-4 Receptor (mMC4R) Antagonist Pharmacology.

University of Minnesota
Azepinone-Containing Tetrapeptide Analogues of Melanotropin Lead to Selective hMC4R Agonists and hMC5R Antagonist.

Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Melanocortin antagonist tetrapeptides with minimal agonist activity at the mouse melanocortin-3 receptor.

University of Minnesota
1,4-disubstituted-[1,2,3]triazolyl-containing analogues of MT-II: design, synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological activity.

University of Cergy-Pontoise
Identification of tetrapeptides from a mixture based positional scanning library that can restore nM full agonist function of the L106P, I69T, I102S, A219V, C271Y, and C271R human melanocortin-4 polymorphic receptors (hMC4Rs).

University of Florida
Structure-activity relationships of peptides incorporating a bioactive reverse-turn heterocycle at the melanocortin receptors: identification of a 5800-fold mouse melanocortin-3 receptor (mMC3R) selective antagonist/partial agonist versus the mouse melanocortin-4 receptor (mMC4R).

University of Florida
Identification and in vivo and in vitro characterization of long acting and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4-R) selectivea-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (a-MSH) analogues.

Novo Nordisk
Discovery of a selective small-molecule melanocortin-4 receptor agonist with efficacy in a pilot study of sexual dysfunction in humans.

Pfizer
A concise synthesis of 1,4-dihydro-[1,4]diazepine-5,7-dione, a novel 7-TM receptor ligand core structure with melanocortin receptor agonist activity.

Glaxosmithkline
Semi-rigid tripeptide agonists of melanocortin receptors.

University of Cincinnati
Substitution of arginine with proline and proline derivatives in melanocyte-stimulating hormones leads to selectivity for human melanocortin 4 receptor.

University of Arizona
Melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH2 modified at the para position of the benzyl side chain (DPhe): importance for mouse melanocortin-3 receptor agonist versus antagonist activity.

University of Florida
Design and microwave-assisted synthesis of novel macrocyclic peptides active at melanocortin receptors: discovery of potent and selective hMC5R receptor antagonists.

University of Arizona
Backbone cyclic peptidomimetic melanocortin-4 receptor agonist as a novel orally administrated drug lead for treating obesity.

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
The 1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-dione small molecule template results in melanocortin receptor agonists with nanomolar potencies.

University of Florida
Identification and characterization of pyrrolidine diastereoisomers as potent functional agonists and antagonists of the human melanocortin-4 receptor.

Neurocrine Biosciences
Synthesis and biological activity of novel peptide mimetics as melanocortin receptor agonists.

Nanyang Technological University
Structure-activity relationships of cyclic lactam analogues of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) targeting the human melanocortin-3 receptor.

University of Arizona
Stereochemical studies of the monocyclic agouti-related protein (103-122) Arg-Phe-Phe residues: conversion of a melanocortin-4 receptor antagonist into an agonist and results in the discovery of a potent and selective melanocortin-1 agonist.

University of Florida
Design of cyclic peptides with agonist activity at melanocortin receptor-4.

Asahi Kasei Pharma
N-terminal fatty acylated His-dPhe-Arg-Trp-NH(2) tetrapeptides: influence of fatty acid chain length on potency and selectivity at the mouse melanocortin receptors and human melanocytes.

University of Florida
Structure-activity relationships of the unique and potent agouti-related protein (AGRP)-melanocortin chimeric Tyr-c[beta-Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Asn-Ala-Phe-Dpr]-Tyr-NH2 peptide template.

University of Florida
Novel 3D pharmacophore of alpha-MSH/gamma-MSH hybrids leads to selective human MC1R and MC3R analogues.

University of Arizona
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of proline based melanocortin receptor ligands.

Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals
Discovery of (2S)-N-[(1R)-2-[4-cyclohexyl-4-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]-1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-2-oxoethyl]-4-methyl-2-piperazinecarboxamide (MB243), a potent and selective melanocortin subtype-4 receptor agonist.

Merck Research Laboratories
Piperazinebenzylamines as potent and selective antagonists of the human melanocortin-4 receptor.

Neurocrine Biosciences
Identification of putative agouti-related protein(87-132)-melanocortin-4 receptor interactions by homology molecular modeling and validation using chimeric peptide ligands.

University of Florida
De novo design, synthesis, and pharmacology of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone analogues derived from somatostatin by a hybrid approach.

University of Arizona
Peptide science: exploring the use of chemical principles and interdisciplinary collaboration for understanding life processes.

University of Arizona
Structure-activity relationships of the melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH2 at the mouse melanocortin receptors. 4. Modifications at the Trp position.

University of Florida
Structure-activity relationships of the melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH(2) at the mouse melanocortin receptors: part 2 modifications at the Phe position.

University of Florida
Structure-activity relationships of the melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH(2) at the mouse melanocortin receptors. 1. Modifications at the His position.

University of Florida
Characterization of melanocortin NDP-MSH agonist peptide fragments at the mouse central and peripheral melanocortin receptors.

University of Florida
beta-Methylation of the Phe7 and Trp9 melanotropin side chain pharmacophores affects ligand-receptor interactions and prolonged biological activity.

University of Arizona
Discovery of prototype peptidomimetic agonists at the human melanocortin receptors MC1R and MC4R.

University of Michigan Medical Center
Biological and conformational examination of stereochemical modifications using the template melanotropin peptide, Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys]-NH2, on human melanocortin receptors.

University of Michigan Medical Center
Cyclic lactam alpha-melanotropin analogues of Ac-Nle4-cyclo[Asp5, D-Phe7,Lys10] alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-(4-10)-NH2 with bulky aromatic amino acids at position 7 show high antagonist potency and selectivity at specific melanocortin receptors.

University of Arizona
Design and pharmacology of peptoids and peptide-peptoid hybrids based on the melanocortin agonists core tetrapeptide sequence.

University of Florida
Aryl piperazine melanocortin MC4 receptor agonists.

Neurocrine Biosciences
Sub-nanomolar hMC1R agonists by end-capping of the melanocortin tetrapeptide His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH(2).

University of Cincinnati
Design of a new peptidomimetic agonist for the melanocortin receptors based on the solution structure of the peptide ligand, Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-Pro-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH(2).

Amgen
Urea small molecule agonists on mouse melanocortin receptors.

University of Florida
Structure-activity relationship of linear peptide Bu-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Gly-NH(2) at the human melanocortin-1 and -4 receptors: histidine substitution.

Roche Research Center
N-alkylaminoacids and their derivatives interact with melanocortin receptors.

Uppsala University
Structure-activity relationship of linear peptide Bu-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Gly-NH(2) at the human melanocortin-1 and -4 receptors: arginine substitution.

Roche Research Center
Development of melanoma-targeted polymer micelles by conjugation of a melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) specific ligand.

H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute
Improved synthesis and biological evaluation of chelator-modifieda-MSH analogs prepared by copper-free click chemistry.

The University of Iowa
Cyclic lactam hybrida-MSH/Agouti-related protein (AGRP) analogues with nanomolar range binding affinities at the human melanocortin receptors.

University of Arizona
Discovery of a piperazine urea based compound as a potent, selective, orally bioavailable melanocortin subtype-4 receptor partial agonist.

Merck Research Laboratories
Incorporation of a bioactive reverse-turn heterocycle into a peptide template using solid-phase synthesis to probe melanocortin receptor selectivity and ligand conformations by 2D 1H NMR.

University of Florida
Serendipitous discovery of a new class of agonists for the melanocortin 1 and 4 receptors and a new class of cyclophanes.

Novo Nordisk
Replacement of the Lys linker with an Arg linker resulting in improved melanoma uptake and reduced renal uptake of Tc-99m-labeled Arg-Gly-Asp-conjugated alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone hybrid peptide.

University of New Mexico
Optimization of privileged structures for selective and potent melanocortin subtype-4 receptor ligands.

Merck Research Laboratories
Discovery of a spiroindane based compound as a potent, selective, orally bioavailable melanocortin subtype-4 receptor agonist.

Merck Research Laboratories
The effect of backbone cyclization on PK/PD properties of bioactive peptide-peptoid hybrids: the melanocortin agonist paradigm.

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Discovery of orally bioavailable 1,3,4-trisubstituted 2-oxopiperazine-based melanocortin-4 receptor agonists as potential antiobesity agents.

Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals
Pharmacological and pharmacokinetic characterization of 2-piperazine-alpha-isopropyl benzylamine derivatives as melanocortin-4 receptor antagonists.

Neurocrine Biosciences
Design, synthesis, in vitro, and in vivo characterization of phenylpiperazines and pyridinylpiperazines as potent and selective antagonists of the melanocortin-4 receptor.

Neurocrine Biosciences
Synthesis and characterization of trans-4-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxamides of piperazinecyclohexanes as ligands for the melanocortin-4 receptor.

Neurocrine Biosciences
Synthesis and characterization of pyrrolidine derivatives as potent agonists of the human melanocortin-4 receptor.

Neurocrine Biosciences
Design and synthesis of a library of tertiary amides: evaluation as mimetics of the melanocortins' active core.

Uppsala University
Identification of a novel series of benzimidazoles as potent and selective antagonists of the human melanocortin-4 receptor.

Institut Henri Beaufour
Potent and selective agonists of human melanocortin receptor 5: cyclic analogues of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone.

Merck Research Laboratories
Discovery of a Pan-Melanocortin Receptor Antagonist [Ac-DPhe(pI)-Arg-Nal(2')-Orn-NH

University of Minnesota
Discovery of CRN04894: A Novel Potent Selective MC2R Antagonist.

Crinetics Pharmaceuticals
Ψ and χ Angle Constrains at the C-Terminus Trp Position of the Melanotropin Tetrapeptide Ac-His-d-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH

The University of Arizona
Novel selective human melanocortin-3 receptor ligands: use of the 4-amino-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-2-benzazepin-3-one (Aba) scaffold.

Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Targeting Melanocortin Receptors Using S

Monash University (Parkville Campus)
Discovery of the Potent and Selective MC4R Antagonist PF-07258669 for the Potential Treatment of Appetite Loss.

Pfizer
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new cyclic melanotropin peptide analogues selective for the human melanocortin-4 receptor.

University of Arizona
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new class of small molecule peptide mimetics targeting the melanocortin receptors.

University of Arizona
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of proline and pyrrolidine based melanocortin receptor agonists. A conformationally restricted dipeptide mimic approach.

Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals
Propionylpiperazines as human melanocortin-4 receptor ligands.

Neurocrine Biosciences
Design and synthesis of potent and selective 1,3,4-trisubstituted-2-oxopiperazine based melanocortin-4 receptor agonists.

Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals
Demonstration of a Common DPhe

University of Michigan
CLIPSing Melanotan-II to Discover Multiple Functionally Selective hMCR Agonists.

University of Naples Federico II
Development of cyclic gamma-MSH analogues with selective hMC3R agonist and hMC3R/hMC5R antagonist activities.

University of Arizona
Discovery of novel N-(1-benzyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)amide derivatives as melanocortin 1 receptor agonists.

Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma
Synthesis of Tic-D-Phe Psi[CH2-CH2] isostere and its use in the development of melanocortin receptor agonists.

Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals
Optimization of a privileged structure leading to potent and selective human melanocortin subtype-4 receptor ligands.

Merck Research Laboratories
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel dipeptides and reduced dipeptides as ligands for melanocortin subtype-4 receptor.

Eli Lilly
Preparation of human Melanocortin-4 receptor agonist libraries: linear peptides X-Y-DPhe7-Arg8-Trp(or 2-Nal)9-Z-NH2.

Roche Research Center
Discovery of 1-amino-4-phenylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid and its influence on agonist selectivity between human melanocortin-4 and -1 receptors in linear pentapeptides.

Roche Research Center
Design and syntheses of melanocortin subtype-4 receptor agonists. Part 2: discovery of the dihydropyridazinone motif.

Merck Research Laboratories
Discovery and activity of (1R,4S,6R)-N-[(1R)-2-[4-cyclohexyl-4-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]-1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-2-oxoethyl]-2-methyl-2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-6-carboxamide (3, RY764), a potent and selective melanocortin subtype-4 receptor agonist.

Merck Research Laboratories
1-Amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid as a Tic mimetic: application in the synthesis of potent human melanocortin-4 receptor selective agonists.

Merck Research Laboratories
Structure-activity relationship of a series of cyclohexylpiperidines bearing an amide side chain as antagonists of the human melanocortin-4 receptor.

Neurocrine Biosciences
A potent and selective nonpeptide antagonist of the melanocortin-4 receptor induces food intake in satiated mice.

Neurocrine Biosciences
From a Cone Snail Toxin to a Competitive MC4R Antagonist.

Paris-Saclay University
Discovery of a beta-MSH-derived MC-4R selective agonist.

Eli Lilly
Late-Stage Functionalization with Cysteine Staples Generates Potent and Selective Melanocortin Receptor-1 Agonists.

The University of Queensland
4-{(2R)-[3-Aminopropionylamido]-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)propionyl}-1-{2-[(2-thienyl)ethylaminomethyl]phenyl}piperazine as a potent and selective melanocortin-4 receptor antagonist--design, synthesis, and characterization.

Neurocrine Biosciences
Structural characterization and pharmacology of a potent (Cys101-Cys119, Cys110-Cys117) bicyclic agouti-related protein (AGRP) melanocortin receptor antagonist.

University of Florida
Structure-activity relationships of piperazinebenzylamines as potent and selective agonists of the human melanocortin-4 receptor.

Neurocrine Biosciences
End-capping of the modified melanocortin tetrapeptide (p-Cl)Phe-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH2 as a route to hMC4R agonists.

University of Cincinnati
New substituted piperazines as ligands for melanocortin receptors. Correlation to the X-ray structure of"THIQ".

Uppsala University
Phenylguanidines as selective nonpeptide melanocortin-5 receptor antagonists.

Neurocrine Biosciences
Melanocortin 1 Receptor Agonists Based on a Bivalent, Bicyclic Peptide Framework.

The University of Queensland
Discovery of Nanomolar Melanocortin-3 Receptor (MC3R)-Selective Small Molecule Pyrrolidine Bis-Cyclic Guanidine Agonist Compounds Via a High-Throughput "Unbiased" Screening Campaign.

University of Minnesota
Functional Mixture-Based Positional Scan Identifies a Library of Antagonist Tetrapeptide Sequences (LAtTeS) with Nanomolar Potency for the Melanocortin-4 Receptor and Equipotent with the Endogenous AGRP(86-132) Antagonist.

University of Minnesota
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel arylpiperazines as potent and selective agonists of the melanocortin subtype-4 receptor.

Eli Lilly
Synthesis of novel melanocortin 4 receptor agonists and antagonists containing a succinamide core.

Amgen
Peptoid mimics of agouti related protein.

University of California
Structure-activity relationship of cyclic peptide penta-c[Asp-His(6)-DPhe(7)-Arg(8)-Trp(9)-Lys]-NH(2) at the human melanocortin-1 and -4 receptors: His(6) substitution.

Roche Research Center
Discovery of tyrosine-based potent and selective melanocortin-1 receptor small-molecule agonists with anti-inflammatory properties.

Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute
Structure-activity relationship of linear peptide Bu-His6-DPhe7-Arg8-Trp9-Gly10-NH2 at the human melanocortin-1 and -4 receptors: DPhe7 and Trp9 substitution.

Roche Research Center
Peptoid NPhe

University of Minnesota
Design of novel chimeric melanotropin-deltorphin analogues. Discovery of the first potent human melanocortin 1 receptor antagonist.

University of Arizona
Design and pharmacology of N-[(3R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinium- 3-ylcarbonyl]-(1R)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)- 2-[4-cyclohexyl-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol- 1-ylmethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethylamine (1), a potent, selective, melanocortin subtype-4 receptor agonist.

Merck
Modification of the structure of a metallopeptide: synthesis and biological evaluation of (111)In-labeled DOTA-conjugated rhenium-cyclized alpha-MSH analogues.

University of Missouri-Columbia
Reductive amination products containing naphthalene and indole moieties bind to melanocortin receptors.

Uppsala University
Multiresidue Tetrapeptide Substitutions Yield a 140-fold Selective Melanocortin-3 over Melanocortin-4 Receptor Agonist.

University of Minnesota
Novel agouti-related-protein-based melanocortin-1 receptor antagonist.

University of Florida
A Venomics Approach Coupled to High-Throughput Toxin Production Strategies Identifies the First Venom-Derived Melanocortin Receptor Agonists.

Paris-Sud University
Discovery of Polypharmacological Melanocortin-3 and -4 Receptor Probes and Identification of a 100-Fold Selective nM MC3R Agonist versus a μM MC4R Partial Agonist.

University of Minnesota
Compounds that activate the mouse melanocortin-1 receptor identified by screening a small molecule library based upon the beta-turn.

Oregon Health Sciences University
Incorporation of Agouti-Related Protein (AgRP) Human Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the AgRP-Derived Macrocyclic Scaffold c[Pro-Arg-Phe-Phe-Asn-Ala-Phe-dPro] Decreases Melanocortin-4 Receptor Antagonist Potency and Results in the Discovery of Melanocortin-5 Receptor Antagonists.

University of Minnesota
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Melanocortin His-Phe-Arg-Trp Sequences Decrease Tetrapeptide Potency and Efficacy.

University of Minnesota
Discovery of Novel Potent and Selective Agonists at the Melanocortin-3 Receptor.

University of Naples Federico II
Microwave-assisted solid-phase synthesis of side-chain to side-chain lactam-bridge cyclic peptides.

University of Minnesota
Topographical modification of melanotropin peptide analogues with beta-methyltryptophan isomers at position 9 leads to differential potencies and prolonged biological activities.

University of Arizona
QSAR and proteo-chemometric analysis of the interaction of a series of organic compounds with melanocortin receptor subtypes.

Uppsala University
Replacement of Arg with Nle and modified D-Phe in the core sequence of MSHs, Ac-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH

University of Arizona
Development of Macrocyclic Peptidomimetics Containing Constrained α,α-Dialkylated Amino Acids with Potent and Selective Activity at Human Melanocortin Receptors.

University of Naples "Federico Ii
Synergistic Multiresidue Substitutions of a Macrocyclic c[Pro-Arg-Phe-Phe-Asn-Ala-Phe-dPro] Agouti-Related Protein (AGRP) Scaffold Yield Potent and >600-Fold MC4R versus MC3R Selective Melanocortin Receptor Antagonists.

University of Minnesota
Discovery of Mixed Pharmacology Melanocortin-3 Agonists and Melanocortin-4 Receptor Tetrapeptide Antagonist Compounds (TACOs) Based on the Sequence Ac-Xaa

University of Minnesota
Development of Novel Melanocortin Receptor Agonists Based on the Cyclic Peptide Framework of Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor-1.

The University of Queensland
Humanβ-Defensin 1 andβ-Defensin 3 (Mouse Ortholog mBD14) Function as Full Endogenous Agonists at Select Melanocortin Receptors.

University of Florida
Structure-Activity Relationship Studies on a Macrocyclic Agouti-Related Protein (AGRP) Scaffold Reveal Agouti Signaling Protein (ASP) Residue Substitutions Maintain Melanocortin-4 Receptor Antagonist Potency and Result in Inverse Agonist Pharmacology at the Melanocortin-5 Receptor.

University of Minnesota
Design of MC1R Selectiveγ-MSH Analogues with Canonical Amino Acids Leads to Potency and Pigmentation.

The University of Arizona
Benzimidazole derivatives and use thereof

Purdue Pharma
Bromodomain inhibitors

Abbvie
Heterocyclic-substituted pyridyl compounds useful as kinase inhibitors

Bristol-Myers Squibb
Triazine derivatives

Pfizer
Azole derivatives in the form of lipase and phospholipase inhibitors

Sanofi
Pyridopyrimidine derivatives and use thereof

The Asan Foundation
Bicyclic compounds as inhibitors of diacylglycerol acyltransferase

Merck Sharp & Dohme
Atypical neuroleptics have low affinity for dopamine D2 receptors or are selective for D4 receptors.

University of Toronto
Structural requirements for the occupancy of pituitary adenylate-cyclase-activating-peptide (PACAP) receptors and adenylate cyclase activation in human neuroblastoma NB-OK-1 cell membranes. Discovery of PACAP(6-38) as a potent antagonist.

UniversitÉ
Discovery and structure-activity relationships of 4-aminoquinazoline derivatives, a novel class of opioid receptor like-1 (ORL1) antagonists.

Nippon Shinyaku